Turkey Health Literacy Journal aims to bring together the parties working on the fields of health protection/development and healthy life on a joint platform. Health literacy means individuals achieving the necessary knowledge, skill and self-confidence level for changing their lifestyle and conditions towards improving self health and social health. It is also closely linked to understanding challenging health conditions and issues. Due to the healthcare services perceived sometimes as complex and confusing, many people have a hard time getting information about health and healthcare options. Turkey Health Literacy Journal is an academic journal including the scientific studies, researches and analyses conducted towards the purpose of protecting and developing the health of individuals and improving the quality of life. Turkey Health Literacy Journal is a scientific periodical publication that handles the topics of "Health Literacy" with an interdisciplinary approach in Turkey. Scientific projections of future point out to the need for strengthening the cooperation platforms on the field of health literacy. It is a platform appropriate for knowledge exchange at international level in the field of health literacy. The Journal is published 3 times a year (March-April, July-August, November-December).
Application of Telemedicine in the Diagnosis of Oncogynaecological Diseases
Abstract: Oncogynaecological diseases, including cervical, endometrial, ovarian cancers, and others, require a comprehensive and multi-layered approach to diagnosis and treatment. Early detection of these diseases is crucial for successful treatment and increasing survival chances. While traditional medical exams remain the foundation for diagnosis, telemedicine offers new ways of delivering these services, especially in situations where access to healthcare specialists is limited. The aim of this paper is to explore the applications of telemedicine in the diagnosis of oncogynaecological diseases, focusing on the advantages, challenges, and potential of this innovative technology. By analyzing current practices and research in this field, we will attempt to outline the future of telemedicine in oncogynaecology and its impact on women's health.
telemedicine, midwife, oncogynaecological diseases, diagnosis
Copyright (c) 2025 Turkey Health Literacy Journal
Determining The Food and Nutrition Literacy Status of Universıty Students
Background and Objectives: Food literacy is a multidimensional concept that encompasses the knowledge, skills and motivation to effectively access and use nutrition information. Improving food literacy can promote healthier eating habits, reduce the risk of diet-related diseases, and improve the overall well-being of university students. This study aims to assess the level of food and nutrition literacy among university students. Material and Methods: The population of the study consisted of students of xxx University, while the sample consisted of 560 students. The data of the study were collected using socio-demographic information form and Food and Nutrition Literacy Scale (FNL). Descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney U test or Kruskal-Wall test were used to analyse the data. Results: It was found that women scored higher on the attitude dimension, that the mean score on the knowledge and behaviour dimension increased with increasing age, that the score of the students of the Vocational School of Health Services was lower than that of the other departments on the knowledge and behaviour dimension, and that the scores on the knowledge and behaviour dimension increased with increasing class. It was found that the behavioural dimension of those who received nutrition support was higher than those who did not, and the mean score of those who received nutrition education was higher in the knowledge and behaviour dimension (p<0.05). Conclusion: It was found that students did not have an adequate level of food and nutrition literacy and that gender, age, class and education influenced this level. In line with these findings, it is recommended that training programmes aimed at raising awareness of healthy eating should be expanded in universities and that sustainable food policies should be developed to enable students to make informed food choices.
Literacy, Nutrition, University Students
A Study on the Satisfaction Levels of Research Assistant Doctors Working in the Department of Public Health at Gazi University Faculty of Medicine
Bu etkin, Gazi Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Halk Sağlığı Anabilim Dalı'nda görev yapanların yaygınlaştığının, eğitim ve eğitimlerinin yoğunlaştığı Bu oluşumların ortaya çıkmasının özgürlüklerinin biçimlendirilmiş bir şekilde dönüştürülmesi. Tanımlayıcı tipte olan bu sürecin gerçekleştirilmesi, araştırma görevlisi doktorların demografik özellikleri, yönetimsel yaklaşımlar ve karar alma süreçlerinden değişim durumu, eğitim öğretim araştırma faaliyetlerinden özgürlük durumu, altyapı ve diğer olanaklardan memnuniyet durumu, kurumsal yardımlaşma durumu hakkında elde edilen verilerin SPSS 23 programı kullanılarak analiz edilmesiyle ortaya çıkarıldı. Bu bilgileri araştıran doktorların çoğunluğunun kendisini ilgilendiren konularda fikrinin yeterince değiştirilmediğinin değiştirilmesi. Katılımcıların yarıdan fazlasının görev tanımlarına uygun olarak çalıştırılmadıkları belirlendi. Araştırma görevlisi doktorların miktarının kendileri tarafından gönderilen yerleşimsal destekten memnun kalması sağlanmıştır. Katılımcıların oranlarının yemekhane ve otopark hizmetlerinden memnun kalmaları da devam ediyor. Araştırma görevlisi doktorlar ve yöneticiler arasındaki iletişimin serbest bırakılması, varsa iş tanımına uygun olmayan görev ve sorumlulukların ayrıntılarıyla ilgili. Ayrıca çalışma ortamı, yemekhane hizmetleri, otopark kapasitesi gibi fiziki şartların da vasatın üzerine çıkarılması için kayıtların yapılması.
iş memnuniyeti, araştırma görevlisi doktor, halk sağlığı, tıpta uzmanlık eğitimi
Çocuk Diş Hekimliğinde Ebeveyn Ağız-Diş Sağlığı Okuryazarlığı ve Çocukların Ağız-Diş Sağlığı Üzerindeki Etkileri
Oral health literacy,a relatively new field within the concept of health literacy,refers to individuals' ability to acquire,process,and apply information related to oral health.Oral health significantly impact not only adults but also children's health.Children's oral health is a fundamental aspect of their general well-being,influencing their quality of life in the long run.Oral health problems during childhood can lead to more severe health issues in adulthood.Parents' level of knowledge about oral health is a crucial factor in shaping children's dental care habits and preventing oral health problems.This review aims to examine the importance of the relationship between parental oral health literacy and children's oral health in the context of pediatric dentistry.Researchs indicates that children of parents with low oral health literacy levels are more likely to experience dental caries and periodontal diseases.Parents' knowledge of oral health directly affects their children's toothbrushing habits,frequency of dental visits, and overall oral hygiene.Additionally,socioeconomic status,education level,and cultural factors are known to influence parental oral health literacy levels.This review provides recommendations for improving parental oral health literacy.Strategies such as educational programs,increased access to healthcare services,awareness campaigns, and the integration of oral health education into child health programs are considered essential for enhancing children's long-term oral health. In conclusion, improving parental oral health literacy is highlighted as a critical factor in positively impacting children's oral health,overall well-being,and quality of life.
Pediatric Dentistry, Oral Health Literacy, Parent, Child Health, Health Literacy
Migration refers to the relocation of individuals for better living conditions, due to the lack of security or economic reasons. It has shaped social, cultural, and economic structures throughout history, influencing both individual lives and societies. Particularly after the onset of the Syrian civil war in 2011, the concept of “forced migration” has gained prominence in Türkiye. Forced migration involves individuals compelled to leave their regions due to wars, natural disasters, or human rights violations. Asylum seekers and refugees often face multidimensional challenges, including language barriers, cultural differences, and social exclusion. Migration health encompasses a holistic approach aimed at preserving the physical, mental, and social well-being of the person. Hosting the largest asylum seeker and refugee population globally, Türkiye has become a key player in international migration health. Civil Society Organizations (CSO) play critical roles in promoting health literacy, cultural adaptation, and strengthening primary healthcare services. Strengthening public-CSO partnerships, leveraging digital solutions to facilitate service accessibility, and ensuring long-term financial support are vital for sustainable solutions in migration health. With its comprehensive approach, Türkiye not only supports the health and integration of asylum seekers and refugees but also serves as a model for best practices on a global scale, contributing to societal health and cohesion.
Göç, Sığınmacı, Mülteci, Göç Sağlığı, Sivil Toplum Kuruluşu
DIABETES AND HYPERTENSION: AN EXAMPLE OF COMMUNITY AWARENESS IN THE CAPITAL
Noncommunicable diseases affect people of all walks of life, all over the world, of all ages, with devastating health consequences for individuals and communities. Hypertension and diabetes are among the most common causes of death and disease all over the world, which are among the leading noncommunicable diseases that are rapidly increasing in incidence and especially affecting low and middle-income societies in the world. The prevalence of hypertension in adults in Turkey is reported as 31.8%. This cross-sectional-descriptive study was conducted to determine the hypertension and diabetes risk factors of individuals who participated in community-based studies carried out to increase awareness of hypertension and diabetes in all districts of Ankara. Data of 2460 people aged 18 and over who participated in the study were examined. The research data were statistically analyzed with the IBM Statistics22.0 SPSS package program. The mean age of the participants in the study was 47.6±14.6. While blood pressure was found to be normal in 60.8% of the blood pressure arterial measurements, instant blood glucose measurements were found in 6.7% of them. Blood sugar and blood pressure were found to be significantly higher in obese individuals. This situation reveals once again that obesity is a significant risk for high blood sugar and high blood pressure. As a result, blood pressure and blood glucose measurements provided at the stands can be an important step for early diagnosis and treatment and can help individuals become conscious about their own health conditions. Considering the importance and impact of community-based studies in the fight against hypertension and diabetes, it is important to conduct more comprehensive and targeted studies.
Hypertension, Diabetes, Community Awareness
Copyright (c) 2024 Turkey Health Literacy Journal
Malatya’da Yaşayan 18-55 Yaş Arası Bireylerin Sağlık Okuryazarlığı Düzeylerinin İncelenmesi
The purpose of this study is to determine the health literacy level of individuals aged 18-55 living in Malatya, Turkey. This descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted in Malatya province of Turkey between December 2023 and January 2024. A total of 60 individuals aged between 18 and 55, who were able to communicate sufficiently and agreed to participate in the research, were included in the study. The Turkish Health Literacy Scale was used to collect research data. The data were collected via online survey method using the Google Forms application. In the study, it was found that 21.7% of the participants had sufficient to excellent health literacy levels. There were no significant differences in health literacy levels among age groups, gender, marital status, smoking status, and having health insurance. Additionally, the health literacy level was found to be significantly higher among those engaging in physical activity. As a result, this study has shown that the health literacy levels of individuals are quite low and it is crucial to raise them for the improvement of public health. Campaigns aimed at informing the public about how to access accurate health information, especially campaigns led by family physicians who are responsible for the population, and collaborative efforts involving input from the public to make written and verbal health information more understandable can be implemented to increase health literacy in the community.
Bibliometrics provides the big picture of existing research by analyzing information sets of large volumes of data in a particular field or topic. Bibliometric analyzes aim to summarize a large number of bibliometric data in order to reveal the intellectual structure of publications related to a research field or subject and to present the emerging trends. Relationships between documents, authors, sources, institutions and countries in a research field or subject are examined with bibliometric analysis techniques such as citation, co-citation, joint authorship and bibliographic matching. In this study, it is aimed to give an idea about the steps of bibliometric analysis by providing an overview of bibliometric analysis methods.
bibliyometri, bibliyometrik analiz, bilimsel haritalama
PERCEPTIONS OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS REGARDING THE EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES ON HEALTH
Purpose: In this study, the aim is to better understand university students' perceptions of the potential impacts of environmental issues on health and to examine how this may influence future environmental policies and individual behavioral patterns. Method: The research is a descriptive type of survey study. The study included 232 university students. The data were analyzed using, SPSS 23 software. Significance level of p<0.05 was considered. Results: 84.1% of the participants believe that there are environmental issues in their living environment. 0.9% of the participants never, 6.5% rarely, 43.1% sometimes, 29.7% often, and 19.8% always perceive that environmental problems can harm health. Individuals with chronic diseases more often perceive that environmental issues can harm health compared to those without such diseases. Those who believe in environmental pollution problems in their living environment are also more likely to perceive that these issues frequently or always affect health compared to non-believers. Conclusion: Our study shows high environmental awareness among participants, yet reveals gaps in understanding the impact of environmental conditions on health. Recognizing the link between environmental issues and health is vital for sustainability and community well-being. Thus, promoting environmental health literacy is crucial to raise awareness and consciousness about environmental matters.
Environmental issues, health, environmental health, environmental health literacy, student
Results and needs of training of trainers of NGO staff working in the earthquake zone after the devastating earthquake in Turkey on 6 February
Earthquakes are natural disasters resulting from the sudden release of energy in the earth's crust. These events affect not only the physical infrastructure but also the general health of the society. Earthquakes, as natural disasters, have far-reaching consequences on healthcare systems, affecting not only immediate medical needs but also the long-term well-being of communities. Along with the acute period of the earthquake, many non-governmental organisations have started to serve in the earthquake region until today. Especially in the field of health, in order to protect public health, many non-governmental organisations continue to work with the public authority in terms of both education and financial support to the earthquake victims. During the visits to the region, it was noteworthy that there were differences in the training and communication skills of the volunteer groups working in these organisations. In order to minimise these differences and to convey the correct information to the society with appropriate communication and training techniques, it was planned to train 30 people from NGO employees providing services in the earthquake region. Methods At the beginning of October 2023, the planned training was announced via e-mail to the managers of NGOs active in the earthquake region. From the first NGOs that applied, 3-5 participants were recruited and 30 people were completed. Results: According to the number of correct answers given by the participants, a statistically significant difference was found in the analysis made according to the total number of correct answers in the pretest and posttest (p<0.001). While 20 (69.0%) of the participants found the duration of the training appropriate, 8 (27.6%) stated that it was too short. When asked to rate the contribution of this training to their personal skills on a scale of one to ten, the participants gave an average answer of 8.10±1.68. When asked which of the topics covered in this training in the evaluation form would be most useful in your profession, 76% (22/29) stated communication skills, 68.9% stated WASH training, 65.5% (19/29) stated problem solving, 55.17% (16/29) stated all topics, and 34% stated primary health care. The content of the training should be reviewed and expanded, taking into consideration the feedback and expectations from the course participants. Efforts should be made to increase the participation of NGOs and stakeholders in the upcoming training sessions. The continuation of providing training and other support for public health improvement in the region is deemed necessary.
Earthquake, NGOs, primary prevention, training of trainers
ANKARA WORKSHOP ON COMBATING THE USE OF TOBACCO AND TOBACCO PRODUCTS: EXPERIENCE OF THE EVENT
Amaç: Başkent Ankara’da Valilik ve Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi işbirliği ile paydaş kurum, kuruluş ve sivil toplum kuruluş temsilcilerini bir araya getirerek ilde tütün ve tütün ürünlerinin kullanımı ile mücadeleye katkı sağlamak amacıyla “Ankara Tütün Ve Tütün Ürünlerinin Kullanımı İle Mücadele Çalıştayı” düzenlenmiştir. Bu çalışma, çalıştay masalarında ele alınan hususların ve uzman katılımcı görüşlerinin değerlendirilmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Yöntem: Çalıştay için 5 farklı salonda oluşturulan 5 çalıştay masasında toplam 210 katılımcı bilgi, görgü, tecrübe ve önerilerini aktarmışlardır. Bulgular: Katılımcıların yaş ortalaması 41,4±10,8 (minimum:18-maksimum:65), %58,1(n=122)’i kadın, %63,3(n=133)’ü lisansüstü eğitim seviyesine sahip olup %10,0(n=21)’u halen sigara kullandığını, %18,1(n=38)’i ise kullanmakta iken bıraktığını ifade etmiştir. Sonuç: Dumansız hava sahası uygulaması ile geçmişte Dünya’ya örnek gösterilen Türkiye’de, tütün kullanımının artış trendinde olduğu bir dönemde tütün kullanımı ile mücadelenin her kesimden uzmanlar tarafından etraflıca ele alınmış olan bu çalıştayın çıktılarının, Başkent Ankara ve Türkiye’nin verdiği mücadeleye rehber olması beklenmektedir.
Ankara Gazi Üniversitesi Hastanesi’ne başvuran gebelerin gebelik takip durumu ve etkileyen faktörlerinin değerlendirilmesi
Bu çalışma, Ankara Gazi Üniversitesi Hastanesi'ne başvuran 241 gebenin gebelik takip durumunu ve etkileyen faktörleri incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Kadınların demografik özellikleri, gebelik süreçleri, doğurganlık özellikleri, gebelik takibi yaptırma durumları ve etkileyen faktörlere dair veriler kadın hastalıkları ve doğum polikliniğinde yapılan anketler aracılığıyla toplanıp SPSS 23.0 programı kullanılarak analiz edildi. Bu çalışmanın bulgularına göre çalışan ve çalışmayan kadınlar arasında gebelik takibi yaptırma durumu arasında anlamlı bir fark saptanmadı. Ancak, eşiyle akrabalık ilişkisi olan kadınların gebelik takibi yaptırma olasılığının daha düşük olduğu belirlendi. Gebeliği süresince alkol kullanan kadınların gebelik takibi yaptırmama olasılığı daha yüksek bulundu. Aylık hane geliri 2 asgari ücret ve altında olan kadınların gebelik takibi yaptırmama riskinin, 4 asgari ücretten fazla olan kadınların 3,7 katı olduğu tespit edildi. Sonuç olarak, çalışma, gebelik takibi yaptırma eğilimini etkileyen faktörleri değerlendirerek, düşük gelire sahip, eşiyle akrabalık ilişkisi olan ve gebeliğe rağmen alkol kullanmaya devam eden kadınların bu hizmetlerden yeterince faydalanmama eğiliminde olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Gebelik takibi ve doğum öncesi bakımın önemi vurgulanarak, bu gruplara yönelik bilinçlendirme ve erişilebilirlik konularında önlemler alınması önerilmektedir.
CURRENT STATUS AND COMPARISON OF INFECTIOUS DISEASE NOTIFICATION SYSTEMS IN TURKEY AND THE WORLD
Bulaşıcı hastalıklar, yüzyıllardır insan sağlığı üzerinde ciddi tehditler oluşturmuş ve hala devam etmekte olan önemli bir sağlık sorunudur. Bu hastalıkların yarattığı salgınlar ve ölüm oranları, dünya genelinde sağlık sistemlerini etkilemektedir. Dünya’da ve Türkiye’de bulaşıcı hastalıkların erken teşhisi, kontrol altına alınması için çeşitli bildirim sistemleri geliştirilmiştir. Türkiye’de şu anda bildirimi zorunlu bulaşıcı hastalıklar listesinde 81 hastalık bulunmaktadır. Bu hastalıklar A, B, C ve D grubu olarak gruplandırılmıştır. Amerika'da bulaşıcı hastalıkların bildirimi ve izlemi Ulusal Bildirimi Zorunlu Hastalıklar Sürveyans Sistemi'nin (NNDSS) üzerinden yapılmaktadır ve sağlık departmanları, hastane ve laboratuvarlar gibi sağlık hizmeti sunan kuruluşlardan bu hastalıkların bildirimleri yapılabilmektedir. Bu bildirimler, hastalıkların yerel, eyalet ve ulusal düzeyde izlenmesini sağlar. Avrupa'da ise Avrupa Hastalık Önleme ve Kontrol Merkezi (ECDC), üye devletlerden bulaşıcı hastalıklarla ilgili sürveyans verilerini toplar, analiz eder ve yayınlar. Bu veriler, gösterge tabanlı hastalık sürveyansı ve olay tabanlı sürveyans olmak üzere iki temel veri kaynağından gelir. ECDC, üye devletlerden gelen verileri değerlendirir ve AB'nin belirlediği vaka tanımlarına uygunluğunu doğrular.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Readiness to Practice (KArP) of Healthcare Professionals toward disaster management at Ali-Abad teaching hospital (one of the major public hospitals in Afghanistan).
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and Readiness to Practice (KArP) level of healthcare staff at Ali Abad teaching hospital in Kabul Afghanistan toward disaster management and preparedness. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire in March 2023 with some 107 healthcare staff at Ali-Abad teaching hospital. The chi-square test was used to compare the difference in KArP status between the independent categorical variables. Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to compare the participants’ scale scores across their socio-demographic characteristics. Results: Ninety-eight (91.58%) healthcare staff accepted to participate in the study. Only 35.7% of health workers had a good level of knowledge about disaster management and preparedness, 53.1% of healthcare personnel had a positive attitude toward disaster management and preparedness, and nearly 54.1% of health workers scored moderate on the Readiness to Practice scale. Medical doctors, healthcare staff with longer work experience, and those with a history of exposure to disasters had significantly higher KArP scores than their comparative groups. Conclusion: A moderate level of attitude among respondents is a good opportunity to adopt our educational policies to increase the level of knowledge and Readiness to Practice among health workers in Afghanistan.
Disaster, Healthcare personnel, Afghanistan, Knowledge, Attitude, Practice
Copyright (c) 2023 Turkey Health Literacy Journal
The Role of Community Pharmacists during the Pandemic in the World and in Our Country
Pharmacists, who are an important part of the health sector and interact intensively with the society within the scope of changing and developing pharmacy services, have turned into professionals who not only fulfill the duty of meeting the prescribed drugs, but also provide consultancy services to patients and closely follow their treatments by applying pharmaceutical care. During the COVID-19 pandemic, pharmacists have started to assume new roles and responsibilities, as well as continuing their pharmaceutical care and consultancy services at the local and national level. In the COVID-19 pandemic, which is accompanied by the infodemic and false information spreads faster than the truth, pharmacists have ensured that accurate information is delivered to the public from a reliable source, preventing them from worrying and panicking. In this study, the roles and responsibilities of pharmacists in our country and around the world during the pandemic were examined in the light of current literature, and it was aimed to take attention to the importance of the subject.
COVID-19 Pandemic, Consultant Role of Pharmacist, Pharmaceutical Care, Pharmacist-Patient Communication
Development and Integration of Health Literacy Education with Innovative Methods in Medical Curricula Across Europe-HELEM-EU
The HELEM-EU project is aimed at developing a health literacy education program for medical education curricula, conducting pilot applications and assessment evaluations, and developing a health literacy education program to be used in medical education across Europe. HELEM-EU is a three-year project (1/9/2020- 30/8/2023), funded by the European Union ERASMUS+ Program (Higher Education). Gazi University is the project coordinator. Project partners are the University of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Lokman Hekim University, University of Murcia (Spain), Maastricht University (Netherlands), and IIAPHS (Italy). Health literacy means achieving a level of knowledge, personal skills, and confidence to change lifestyles and living conditions, thereby improving personal and social health, and acting accordingly. Therefore, health literacy is more than being able to read brochures and make appointments. Health literacy is critically important to strengthen health communication by improving people's access to health information and their ability to effectively use the information they obtain. In other words, many issues such as what dose of any drug should be taken, understanding the meaning of test results, blood pressure and sugar measurements, being aware of the risks brought by some habits are covered by health literacy. Regardless of the level of development of countries, it is frequently discussed in the literature that health literacy levels are low worldwide. Therefore, many studies are being conducted to improve health literacy. However, applications generally tend to improve the level of health literacy knowledge of the public. Another important point related to health literacy is the approach to health literacy and health communication in health workers and medical faculty students, which is the main topic of our study. Therefore, increasing the approach of doctors and medical students to health literacy and the level of health communication will significantly contribute to the increase in the general health literacy level of the community and the establishment of effective health communication. The most fundamental way to achieve this is to integrate health literacy education into the medical faculty curriculum and to include courses, including practical lessons, to strengthen health communication. The HELEM-EU project is the first project to be carried out in Europe in terms of integrating "health literacy" into medical education. The target groups of the project include medical educators, administrators, non-governmental organizations, and medical students. In-depth interviews conducted in all stakeholder countries, survey studies, Delphi technique, and other needs assessment results have demonstrated the necessity of integrating the issue of health literacy into medical education. Developing a detailed, evidence-based education program in response to this will greatly contribute to the process of training doctors, and therefore to public health.
Öz Çocuk ve çevre sağlığı ilişkilendirilerek yapılan çalışmaların temel amacı çocuklarda ve onların ileriki yaşamlarında ortaya çıkan hastalık, sakatlık ve ölüm oranlarını azaltmaktır. Çocukların sağlığını etkileyebilecek riskler, kirleticiler veya bulaşanlar pek çok ortamda bulunabilir. Çocuk sağlığını etkileyen tehlikeler arasında hava kirliliği, su, sanitasyon ve vektör kaynaklı hastalıklar, kimyasallar, elektronik atıklar ve iklim değişikliği yer almaktadır. En büyük hastalık yükü, düşük ve orta gelirli ülkelerde ve en savunmasız popülasyonlar arasında bulunmaktadır. Çevre sağlık okuryazarlığı çevresel kirleticilerin sağlığı nasıl etkilediğinin anlaşılmasını teşvik etmek için çevre, sağlık ve sosyal bilimlerden içerik ve stratejiler içeren gelişmekte olan bir çalışma alanıdır. Çevre sağlığı ve okuryazarlığı hakkında insanların bilgi düzeyini ölçmek ve geliştirmek için ölçek geliştirilmesi ve kullanılması önemlidir. Çevreyle ilgili bazı ölçekler türkçeye uyarlanmıştır. Bununla birlikte Türkiye’de iç ortam çevresi ve tehlikeleri ile ilgili ölçek bulunmaması dikkat çekmektedir. Bu eksiklik aslında çok önemli tehlikeler barındıran iç ortamların nekadar gözardı edildiğini göstermektedir. Çocukların çevre sağlığı konusunun, akademik dünyanın ve toplumun önde gelen araştırma konularından birisi olması büyük önem taşımaktadır. Çevre, çocukların sağlığını korumanın ve sağlık eşitsizliklerini azaltmanın en temel unsurunu oluşturmaktadır. Çevresel riskleri uygun şekilde azaltmak için sağlık, enerji, ulaşım, sanayi/ticaret, konut ve su sektörleri gibi sektörler arası eylemler gerekli olacaktır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Çevre, çocuk sağlığı, çevre sağlığı, çevre sağlığı okuryazarlığı.
SCALE DEVELOPMENT STAGES SPECIFIC TO HEALTH LITERACY
This review was written by following the scale development stages specific to health literacy, in order to help academicians who will develop a scale approach systematically, and also to facilitate their studies by providing easier access to information on the subject.
Gençlerin Öğrenim Yaşamı Boyunca Okul İklimi Deneyimleri
Abstract Objective: The aim of the study is to evaluate the university school climate of the students and to investigate the mistreatment from teachers that students are exposed to throughout their education life. Method: The research datas are collected with the Questionnaire for the demographic information of the students, the University Climate Scale and the Educational Violance Experience Questionnaire. Results: The sample of this study included 425 medical faculty students; the average age of the participants is 22,33 (SD:2,25). The 51.8% of participants stated that they had been exposed to trainer mistreatment. The participants were exposed to verbal mistreatment in primary school with the highest 22.4%, were exposed to emotional mistreatment in high school with the highest 19.5%, were exposed to emotional mistreatment with the highest 26.6 at the university. The 34.1% of participants evaluated the university climate as positive (open), while 28.5% evaluated the university climate as negative (closed). While 48,8% of the participants who evaluated the university climate as negative stated that they were exposed to mistreatment. It is fact that there is a significant relationship between the participants who stated that they were exposed to mistreatment and the more negative (closed) evaluation of the university climate (p<.05). Conclusion: One of every two participants participating in our study declared that they were exposed to trainer mistreatment throughout their education life. Students who were exposed to mistreatment interpreted the university climate more negatively. Key Words: Mistreatment, trainer violance, violance, school climate.
Mistreatment, trainer violance, violance, school climate.
Determination of Occupational Safety Culture and Job Satisfaction Levels of Factory Employees
The automotive sector has wide-ranging risks in terms of occupational safety. Workers in the vehicle maintenance and repair business in this sector may be exposed to serious physical and chemical hazards such as getting their hands and feet stuck between moving machine parts, hitting falling objects, fire and explosion. In this context, it is essential to establish and maintain a culture of occupational safety. Developing a culture of occupational safety, creating a positive and safe environment in the workplace is effective both in increasing job satisfaction and in reducing occupational accidents. Aim of the study was to determine the occupational safety culture and job satisfaction levels of factory employees and their relationship with effective factors. The study is descriptive. The data were collected by socio-demographic characteristics form and Occupational Safety Culture Scale and Minnesota Job Satisfaction Scale. 154 personnel participated in the study and the participation rate is 70%.The data were evaluated in SPSS 20.00 Package program. The mean age of the participants is 42.34±7.89. The youngest age to start work was 8. A significant positive correlation was found between “Management's Security Commitment” and “Safety Behaviors” (p<0.05, r:0.520). 52% of the employees witnessed a work accident. They stated that the most common cause of occupational accident was “indifference and inattention (58.4%).There was no significant difference between the job satisfaction of the employees and the status of having and witnessing a work accident (p> 0.005). As the age of the employees increased, their level of knowledge on risk analysis increased.The safety perceptions of single ones, the job satisfaction of youngs and university graduates were high. The more the management's commitment to occupational safety practices, the higher the safe behavior of the employees.According to this, the importance of occupational safety culture should be adopted by all employees and managers, creating a positive communication environment in the workplace by following international practices and increasing job satisfaction. It is recommended to carry out activities to increase
Evaluation of Knowledge Levels, Attitudes and Influencing Factors of Physicians Working in Secondary Health Care Services in One Province, about Communicable Diseases Notification
Abstract Surveillance of communicable diseases is the regular and continuous collection, analysis, interpretation and feedback of data for the prevention and control of diseases. The first step is the collection of data, and done through the notification system created in line with the needs of the country. The aim of our research is to determine the knowledge and attitudes of physicians on notification system. Mean age is 40.9+9.0 years, 42.3% of them received training on notification system, and 52.7% of 353 physicians stated that they did not report any communicable diseases. Among the reasons for not reporting are not knowing that they should make a notification and how to make a notification and not having time. 69.8% of those who reported and 47.3% of those who did not, received training. Reporting was found to be 2.6 times (95% CI: 1.5-4.3%) among those who received training. The mean knowledge score is 11.0+7.9. Physicians' reporting and their level of knowledge about the notification system are related to receiving a training. Regular and continuous training will help increase the level of timely and complete reporting of diseases by physicians.
Communicable Disease, Notification, Training, Knowledge Level, Attitude
Kendi Kendine İlaç Kullanımı ve Sağlık Okuryazarlığı İle İlgili Özelliklerin Saptanması
To determine the self-medication use and health literacy level of individuals who receive health services from family medicine units in Ankara. This cross-sectional study was carried out with 355 people over the age of 18 who applied to the family medicine unit for any reason and agreed to participate in the study. As a data source, the questionnaire form was applied face to face. The first part of the questionnaire includes questions about socio-demographic characteristics, the second part includes questions about health status and self-medication, and the third part includes the Turkish Health Literacy Scale. The frequency of self-medication of the participants was 27.9%, the frequency of self-medication in the last 1 year was 24.8%, and the frequency of self-medication in the last 1 month was 19.2%. 15.2% of the participants stated that they did not read the prospectus of the drugs. 53.5% of the participants were inadequate, 19.4% had problems, 18.6% were adequate, and 8.5% had excellent health literacy. The frequency of self-medication by the participants is 3.0 times higher for women, 5.9 times for chronic disease, 5.6 times for reading a prospectus, 8.8 times for health problems lasting less than two weeks, after consulting a pharmacist when there are health problems lasting less than two weeks. Using herbal-traditional methods when there are health problems lasting less than two weeks 4.1 times, using herbal-traditional methods 6.7 times, keeping medication at home with the thought that it will be needed in the future 5.2 times, recommending medication to family members 7, It increases 3 times.
Self-medication, Health Literacy, Behaviors Affecting Health
Aging is a demographic situation that is becoming increasingly important for the whole world and our country. Factors such as the decrease in birth and death rate, the increase in modern medicinal facilities and the improvement of living conditions cause an increase in elderly population in the society. Being aware of the problems brought about by aging is important in determining the measures and corrective actions that can be taken in this regard. Increasing incidence of chronic diseases and various physiological changes occurring increase the possibility of problems in the drug use process. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic changes may cause an increase in drug-related sensitivity and a change in treatment effect. Polypharmacy is one of the leading drug-related problems in the elderly. Polypharmacy, which can be described as taking more than one drug at the same time, is a health problem that requires multidimensional thinking when its causes and consequences are considered. Consideration should be given in disease management, and the factors that alter the drug effect in olders should not be ignored while prescribing. Treatment approach that adopts the principles of rational drug use is the most effective way to prevent polypharmacy and to eliminate the problems it may cause.
Elderly, Aging, Drug Use, Polypharmacy, Rational Drug Use
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Telehealth and Telemedicine in Health Service Presentation
Telemedicine (telehealth) applications have become mainstream in many areas of health care and are accepted as the preferred service delivery method that increases access to health services.Today, telemedicine applications; to provide health services to people with more limited access to health, to increase the use of telemedicine applications not only in acute cases but also in chronic and periodic diseases, to enable health workers to access telemedicine applications not only from the hospital but also from anywhere, to encourage health workers to use telemedicine applications, to encourage healthcare professionals to use telemedicine applications, There is a tendency to increase depending on reasons such as increasing the number of working hours.In the study, it was aimed to evaluate the initial process of the project in primary health care services provided in Altındağ, Çankaya, Gölbaşı, Sincan and Yenimahalle districts of Ankara province, which were included in the “Distance Health Service Delivery (Telemedicine) Project” initiated in Ankara, Samsun and Konya provinces.In order to increase the frequency of use of telemedicine applications especially in chronic disease management, to encourage healthcare professionals to use telemedicine applications, and to eliminate the problems experienced in practice, face-to-face and online training was provided to 194 healthcare professionals. Healthcare professionals are called periodically by phone to receive their feedback, provide information and correct any problems experienced.When telemedicine applications are evaluated together with the pandemic experiences, it is certain that it will be beneficial not only in the delivery of treatment services, but also in the protection and development of health, health education and health surveillance. In this way, it will contribute to the reduction of the disease burden and health expenditures, and thus to the country’s economy.
Obesity and Sleep in The Covi̇d-19 Proces
The Covid-19 pandemic is the first global pandemic whose effects have reached deadly levels in terms of health. The long-term of the process has led people to change their daily habits and lead them to continue their lives in a limited environment. The aim of this study is to explain in detail how obesity and sleep, which are directly related to each other, have changed in the Covid 19 process and how much of an effect they have on our daily life and health. For scanning, the keywords "pandemic, covid-19, obesity, sleep, nutrition during the pandemic" were searched in the "Google Scholar, Pubmed and Endnote" search. The findings obtained after the screening revealed that the stress, boredom, fear and risk of death caused by Covid 19 increased the anxiety levels of individuals. These increased negative situations caused sleep disorders, daytime well-being and psychological states worsened, and it was stated that, unlike normal processes, more fat, carbohydrate and protein consumption was observed. The fact that individuals have increased the amount of food consumption and inactivity levels has increased the susceptibility to obesity, and a long-term and dangerous vicious circle has emerged. For this reason, since the relationship between sleep and obesity are factors that directly affect each other, the negative situation experienced in one of them during the Covid 19 process negatively affected the other.It has been observed that the formation of unhealthy eating habits increases the risk of heart disease, diabetes and obesity in general.Controlled diet, regular sleep and exercise can be recommended to prevent this negative relationship.
covid-19, obesity,sleep,pandemic,obesity and sleep relationship, nutrition
The Investigation of University Students Knowledge and Behaviors About Rational Drug Use
The Problem of The Research: Adherence to treatment decreases, drug interactions, and the frequency of adverse reactions increase due to the principles of rational drug use are not followed by the public. The Aim of The Study: This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge and behaviors about the rational drug use of Medicine, Pharmacy, Health Management, and Nursing students who receive health education. Method: The snowball sampling method was used in this descriptive study. A total of 749 students from the departments of Medicine, Pharmacy, Nursing, and Health Management who agreed to participate in the study were asked to answer 36 questions online. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), version 22.0 for Windows (SPSS Inc. Chicago, USA) computer package program was used for statistical analysis of the data. In the descriptive statistics section, categorical variables are given as numbers and percentages, and continuous variables are presented as mean ± standard deviation and median (smallest – largest value). Conformity of continuous variables to normal distribution was evaluated using visual (histogram and probability graphs) and analytical methods (Kolmogorov Smirnov/Shapiro-Wilk tests). Chi square test was used in the comparison analyzes of categorical variables. In this study, the statistical significance level was accepted as p<0.05. Results: Of the individuals participating in the study, 29.2% are in Health Management, 26.7% in Pharmacy, 22% in Medicine, and 22% in Nursing students. 81.4% of the participants are women. There is a statistically significant relationship between the usage of medication with a recommendation of a neighbor or close relative, and the act of prescribing medication, even if it is not necessary (p=0.006). There is a statistically significant relationship between buying a drug from the pharmacy without a doctor’s examination and the act of prescribing medication even if it is not necessary (p<0.001). There is a statistically significant relationship between the action taken when the drug has a side effect and the situation of prescribing the medication even if it is not essential (p=0.020). In cases where the complaint does not go away, there is a statistically significant relationship between taking medication without the recommendation of a physician and prescribing medication even if it is not necessary (p=0.019). Conclusion: It is seen that among the drugs used without consulting a physician, painkillers take the first place with a huge difference. Another important issue is that although the rate of drug use by the students in this study without consulting the physician is low, attention should be paid to the duration of use of the drugs prescribed by the physician.
Occupational Health And Safety Knowledge Level and Affecting Factors in Medical Faculty Students
Occupational physicians have an important role to play in the prevention of occupational diseases and work accidents. In our country, occupational medicine can be practiced by the ones who have graduated from medical school, received the title of medical doctor, have completed the occupational medicine course, passed the exam, and are authorized by the Ministry. In this case, it has great importance that medical school students receive studies on work accidents and occupational diseases that they will encounter in their working life. The universe of this research was composed of students studying at Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, the class (term) of education was determined as stratum, and a questionnaire was applied to 396 students with the stratified sampling method. During their education, these students attend a public health committee in the 3rd grade, occupational health and workplace medicine in the 5th grade (elective), and public health internship in the 6th grade regarding occupational health and safety. There are 42 questions in the questionnaire and 24 of them are the questions measuring the level of knowledge about occupational health and safety. The highest score obtained is 20 and the lowest score is 0. The students who participated in the survey mostly answered, “I don’t know” to the questions measuring their level of knowledge. A statistically significant difference found between the classes of the students and in terms of their previous education status and in terms of occupational health and safety knowledge level. (p<0.001) As a result of the research, considering that the students will benefit in their business life and internship periods, it is suggested that medical school students should have compulsory occupational health and safety, occupational health and occupational medicine courses.
Remote Health Service Provision-Samsun Sample
Due to the content of the health service type of service, it is separated from other types of services. Recently, global events and technological developments have caused changes in service delivery. Remote health care has emerged as an opportunity in health service delivery. Within the scope of the pandemic process, the Ministry of Health announced the Tele-Health System in order to reduce the transmission and to reach the health services without threatening the public health of the risky people. It is aimed to develop this practice, which started in public hospitals, and family medicine practice processes from primary health care services. Samsun province was chosen as a pilot province for this application. Experiences have been made for those who benefit from health service provision in many areas such as conditions requiring special follow-up, chronic diseases, disabled and elderly individuals, and home health patients from this service. As a result, it is reported that the service can be used in the follow-up and follow-up of individuals, and at the same time, it will be more appropriate to use in operations such as proper nutrition, chronic wound care, increasing the use of breast milk, breastfeeding training, awareness in pregnant women, and counseling services to the relatives of bedridden patients at home.
COVID-19, pandemic, patient, health, healthcare, technology
Health Literacy and Healthcare in Cancer Screening
It is an undeniable fact that the concept of health literacy, which is valid at all levels in the field of health, contributes to the complete well-being of people. In 1974, WHO defined health literacy as “all the skills of an individual to reach, understand and use health information in order to maintain health and maintain a healthy state so that individuals can live a healthy life” (1,2). All steps, from primary health care services to tertiary and palliative services, can be fed from health literacy. For this reason, low or insufficient level of health literacy can negatively affect the health system. One of the components of primary health care services is preventive health services. In the absence and/or presence of risk factors, all services such as early detection and early treatment of diseases are called preventive health services. Cancer screening is one of the most important preventive health services. Although cancers have high mortality and morbidity levels, it is also possible to identify them early. For this reason, cancer screening programs are important in terms of both individual and social health. Insufficient level of health literacy also causes disruptions in preventive health services. The fact that individuals with insufficient health literacy level apply to cancer screening programs at a lower rate brings about negative consequences in terms of both individual health, social health and cost in social health.
Digital Health Tracking and Health Literacy
Digital health is expressed as a general umbrella term for the use of information and communication technologies in health-related services and processes (tele medicine, telehealth, telepharmacy, mobile health, etc.). Many concepts such as artificial intelligence, mobile applications and wearable technologies can also be considered in digital health. The World Health Organization (WHO) is harnessing the power of digital technologies and health innovation to accelerate global attainment of health and the well-being. WHO Turkey Country Office Refugee Health Programme together with its main partner, Ministry of Health of Türkiye conduct some digital health pilot applications to increase health literacy among refugees.